Elk Bugling, Canyon
A bull elk bugles on a frosted September morning in Yellowstone's Canyon country, the call itself visible as a plume of breath.
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The call is visible. A brightly lit plume of breath rises from the open mouth and drifts back over the antlers, the morning cold enough to show it, in Yellowstone's Canyon area in September 2015. Bull elk bugle from early September to mid-October, announcing a bull's fitness to the cows and challenging rival bulls.
The frame is built on two extremes: frost-rimmed grass backlit to white against a dark wall of unlit conifer forest. The antlers laid along his back do the season's fighting. A healthy bull's pair runs 55 to 60 inches and about 30 pounds, and when a bugle draws an answer, rival bulls crash them together and wrestle for dominance, in loud, strenuous fights that rarely cause serious injury.